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4 SheetsSheet 1. A. BABENDREIER.

TRITURATOR.

Patented Feb. 23, 1886.

(No Model.)

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(No Model.)

- A. BABENDREIER.

TRITURATOR.

No. 336,618. Patented Feb. 23, 1886.

N4 PETERS, Phako-Lilhogmphcr. Washinmom B4 c (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet3. A. BABENDREIER.

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Patented Feb. 23, 1886.

WITNESSES 3 (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. A. BABENDREIER.

TRITURATOR.

Patented Feb. 23, 1886.

I VBNTOR.

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yzhswm UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

ALBERT BABENDREIER, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR OF OXE- HALF TOFRED L. BABENDR-EIER, OF VASHING-TON, D. O.

TRITURATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,618, dated February23, 1886'. Application filed May 20, 1955. Serial No.100,404. (X0model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT BABENDREIER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Triturators; and I do declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the inven tion,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this specification.

Figure l is a perspective view of my improved triturator with the doorsswung open and a part of the casing removed, so as to expose theoperating parts. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view takencentrally through the machine. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectionalview taken 'on the line .70 :v in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a verticaltransverse sectional view taken on theline y 1 in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is ahorizontal sectional view taken on the line 2 z in Fig. 2. Fig. Gis asideview showing the pestlecarrying frame raised for the purpose ofaffording access tothe mortar. E

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line a v in Fig. 2.Fig. Sis a detail view of the scraping attachment for the mortar; andFig. 9 is a perspective detail view of one of the clamps for holding themortar.

The same letters refer to the same parts in all the. figures.

This invention relates to triturating-machines, and it has for itsobject to provide a device of this class whichshall possess superioradvantages in pointof simplicity, durability, and general efficiency.

WVith these ends in view it consists in the improvedconstruction,arrangement, and corn bination of parts, which will behereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

' In the drawings hereto annexed, A desig nates a suitable frame orcasing, the lower portion of which istobe provided with swinging doors BB for the purpose of protecting the operating parts inclosed therein.The

rear end of the frame or casing is provided with an uprightor bracket,0, which, together with the base, affords bearings for the vertical mainshaft D, to which a rotary motion may be imparted by hand or from anysuitable motive power. Arranged within the frame or casing, in front ofthe said main shaft, are a pair of vertical rods or standards, E E,forming supports for a vertically-adjustable box, F, havinglaterally-extending ears or lugs, G G, which are perforated for thereception of the rods 13 E, and provided with set-screws H, whereby theymay be held upon the said rods in any position to which they may beadjusted. The boX F is provided wit-h interior grooves or guides I,forming bearings for a longitudinally reciprocating slide, J, the rearend of which is provided with a pin, K, adapted to work in a cam-groove,L, in a disk, M, which is vertically adjustable upon the main shaft bymeans of a set-screw, N, passing through the hub or collar of the saiddisk. It will'thus be seen that when the main shaft revolves alongitudinal reciprocating motion is imparted to the slide J.

Arranged in front of the rods or standards E Eare apair of brackets, 00,between which a lever, P, is pivoted adjustably upon a pin, Q, which maybe adjusted in any one of a series of perforations, ER, in the saidbrackets and lever, the stroke of which latter may thereby be regulated.The said lever is operated by means of the slide J, the front end ofwhich isprovided with a pin, S, passing transversely through a verticalslot, T, in the lover. The stroke of the lever may also be regulated byraising or lowering the box forming the bearing for the slide J, asoccasion may demand.

U is a longitudinal shaft jonrnaledhorizontally in the frame or casingin suitable hangers, V V, said shaft passing through a vertical slot oropening, \V, in the lever P.

X is a suitablyconstructed frame mounted to slide upon the front end ofthe shaft U,and having a transverse pin, Y, 011 which is pivoted apitman or red, Z, connecting the said frame with the upper end of thelever P, which is provided with a slot, A, for the reception of theconnecting-pin. The pitman Z is composed of asocket, B, and a slidingextensionrod, 0, connected by a set-screw, D, in order that the distancebetween the lever P and sliding frame X may be regulated. The upper partof the frame X extends through a slot,

' E, in the top of the frame or casing A, and is 5 provided with a plateor support, F, arranged to slide upon a track formed by a pair ofmetallic strips, G, thereby taking the Weight ofi the shaft U. The frameX has bearings fora vertical shaft, H, extending through the plate F,and provided at its lower end with a pinion, I, meshing with a pinion,J, which slides upon the shaft U, but is connected with the latter,so asto revolve therewith,by means of a pin, K, passing through the hub orcollar :5 of the. said pinion and enteringalongitudinal groove in thesaid shaft. The pinion J is connected with the frameX,and made to slidetherewith, and held in mesh with the pinion I by means of a pair ofsuitably-arranged 2o bracketstrips, L L. The rear end of the shaft U hasa longitudinally-sliding pinion, M, arranged to be operated by means ofa clutch-lever, N, whereby it may be thrown into or out of mesh with apinion, 0, upon the main shaft D, from whencearotary motion may thus atwill be imparted to the said shaft U. The upper end of the shaft Hcarries a disk, P, having a series of three or more radial dovetailedslots, Q, adapted to receive the clamping or holding devices for themortar R, which is mounted or supported upon the said plate. The. saidclampingdevices consist of plates or blocks S, dovetailed to fit andslide in the slots Q, and provided with flanges T, adapted to rest onthe upper sur- 7 face of the disk, as shown. Said plates or blocks areprovided near their inner ends with lugs U, in which are pivoted leversV, the

. inner ends of which have rubber cushions adapted to bite against andhold the flange \V at the bottom edge of the mortar. The outer ends ofthe blocks S are provided with wedge-shaped cam-plates X, having upwardly-extendiug studs Y, on which are pivoted 5 the cam-levers Z, whichbear with their wedge-shaped inner ends or heads against the under sidesof the levers'V, the outer endsof which have perforations fitting overthe said studs.

It will be seen that by adjusting the sliding blocks until .the innerends of the lovers V bear against the flange at the lower edge of themortar, and then tightening the cam or clamping levers,thelatter will atthe same time tighten the sliding blocks upon the disk and the levers Vagainst the mortar-flange, there by retaining the mortar securely inposition.

This adjusting device is simple and convenient, and it enables themortar to be attached or removed in a moments time. It also enablesmortars of various sizes to be used with equal facility.

The plate Fof the frame X is provided with an upright, A, having anextension-rod, B,

adjustable by a set-screw, C and provided at its upper end with asocket, D, in which is mounted a sliding arm, E retained in position inthe said socket by means of a set-screw, and provided at its outer endwith a pivoted rod, F having a socket, G at its lower end for thereception of a scraper, H which may be held in the said socket by meansof a setscrew, and which is curved and adapted to fit against. the innersurface of the mortar. Between the upper end of the pivoted rod 13 and astud, 1 extending upwardly from the adj ustable arm E", is interposedaspring,J,by the action ofwhich it will be seen that the said scraper isat all times held in contact with the inner surface ofthe mortar,against which it exerts a yielding pressure which is efficient inthrowing the material which is being triturated toward the center of themortar, where it may be acted upon by the pestles, and by whichconstruction all danger of breakage is avoided. It will also be seenthat by the construction described scrapers of various shapes, andadapted to various mortars, may be readily placed in the holding-socket,which latter may be adjusted vertically and laterally, so as to adapt itto mortars of various dimensions.

It will be seen that by the construction and arrangement of parts thusfar described a longitudinal reciprocating motion will be imparted tothe frame X carrying the mortar, to which latter arevolving motion is'atthe same time imparted.

I shall now proceed to describe the second part of the invention, whichrelates to the pestles,which shallbe held against the bottom of themortar with a yielding pressure, and at the same time be revolved in adirection opposite to that in which the mortar revolves. On the upperside of the frame or casing A is constructed aboX or casing, consistingof a permanent or stationary back, K hinged sides L L, and a front pieceor door, M which is hinged to the free edge of one of the sides, whichmay thus be conveniently thrown open so as to afford free access to themortar, which is inclosed by the said casing. The latter is providedwith 'a suitable top, N. This casing has a rubber lining for the doublepurpose of makingv it thoroughly tight and in order to enable it to beeasily washed or otherwise cleaned, an object of considerable importancewhen different materials are to be triturated. The rear side of the backof the said casing is provided with a bracket, 0, in which are hinged apair of forwardlyextending arms, P, between the front ends of which issecured a box or easing, Q, made of metal, and containing the spindlesof the pestles and their operating mechanism. In the drawings heretoannexed four spindles, B", have been shown, one of which is arrangedcentrally between the remaining three, and all arranged in bearings inthe upper and lower sides of the casing Q and in such a manner as to becapableof sliding vertically in their bearings. The said spindles areprovided with collars S, arranged to rest upon the bottom of the box orcasing, and between these collars and the top of the casing are arrangedsprings its 1", coiled upon the spi ndles,which are therebyautomatically forced in a downward direction. The spindles are providedbelow the bottom of the casing-with adjustable collars U to limit theirmovement in an upward direction against the tension of the springs, andto the lower. ends of thespindles the pestles V are attached by means ofsockets V and setscrews X. The casing Q is provided withupwardly-extending brackets Y supporting a top plate, Z havingperforations for the passage of the spindles, and between which and thetop of the casing are placed the pinions A one of which is loose uponthe central spindle, while the remaining ones are con nected with theirrespective spindles by means of pins 13, entering vertical grooves (1 insaid t spindles, which are thus capable of moving vertically while theyare being operated by the revolution of the said pinions. The outerpinions mesh with and are operated by the central pinion, which isconnected securely to the under side of a bevel-gear, D which isjonrnaled in the top-plate Z". The central spindle extend; through thebevel-pinion D which is loose thereon, and its upper end can ries abevel-pinion, E, which is connected with the said spindle by means of apin, F, enter ing thegroove therein. The bevel-pinions D t and E meshwith opposite sides of a mitergear, G mounted upon the front end of ashaft, H,which is journaled in suitable brackets, 1 attached to the boxor casing Q. It willbe seen that when the said shaft is rotated, thecenter spindle is actuated or caused to revolve by the bevel-gear E,while the bevelgear D", by means of thepini'on attached thereto,willscrve to actuate or revolve the remaining spindles, thus causing allof the spindles to revolve in one direction, which shall be opposite tothe direction in which the mortar is rotated. The lower ends of theadjustable collars U of the several pestle carrying spindles areprovided with cups J, which will serve to prevent any lubricant that maybe applied to the said spindles from reaching the lower ends of thesame, and getting from thence into the mortar. Suitably attached to thearms I is a box orcasing, K, serving to in 2 close the casing Q", whichcarries the spindles, as already described. The front of the said acasing is provided with a sliding door, L and to its lower edge isattached the top N of the mortar-inclosing casing. It has been alreadystated that the arms P are hinged to the bracket 0", and it follows thatwhen they are swung or tilted in an upward direction they carry withthem the casing Q, with all its attachments, thus leaving the mortarfree of access when the doors of its inclosing-casing are swung open, asshown in Fig. 6 of the drawings. The'mortar may then be easily removedand another one substituted without danger of interfering with thepestles or'of spilling any portion of its contents. The shaft H, which,as before stated, serves to operate the pestle-carryingspindles by meansof the miter-gear G at the front end of said shaft, extends in arearward direction, as shown, and is provided at its rear end with amiter-gear, M, meshing with the under side of a miter-gear, N", which issecured upon the main shaft D near the upper end of the latter. A pairof uprights or brackets, O 0", near therear end of the frame A areconnected by a cross-piece, P, the under side of which has a notch, Q5,forming one half of a box or bear ing for the rear end of the said shaftThe other half of said box or bearing is formed by a lever or latch, It,pivoted to one of the uprights 0, and adapted to engage and be held in araised position by means ofa catch, S upon the otherof said uprights.Bythis construction and arrangement of parts the shaft H will,whenraised to an operative position, be held securely in its bearings, whileon the other hand, by simply lowering the latch-lever R", the rear endof the said shaft will be lowered, enabling the pestlecarrying frame tobe raised or tilted, as shown in Fig. 6. It is obvious that the saidlatchlever R also serves to hold the miter-gears M and N in mesh witheach other for operation.

I shall now proceed to describe a mechanism whereby the mechanism forlongitudinally reciprocating the mortar may be thrown out of gear, whendesired, without affecting the operation of the pestles or the rotarymotion of the mortar. This longitudinally-reciproeating motion, it willbe remembered, is effected by means of the lever P, which is pivotedbetween the brackets O O, and which is operated by means of the slide J,actuated by the cam-grooved disk M. Said leverhasbeen described as beingconnected with thesliding frame X, carrying the mortar by means ofa rodor pitman, Z. I will now explain that the said pitman is. bifurcated atits rear end,

i as shown at T", for the reception of the upper end of the lever P,which has the slot- A for the reception of the connecting-pin U, whichpasses through the said slot and through the bifurcated rear end of thepitman. The lever P is extended through a suitable slot in the top ofthe main frame or casing A, and is pro vided with a pivoted arm orhandle,V to the lower end of which the connecting-pin U is attached. Itwill be seen that by simply inanipulating the handle the saidconnecting-pin may at any time be readily withdrawn, thus leaving thelever P to continue its motion, while the frame X, with the pitman orconnecting rod, remains stationary. The first forward stroke of thelever, however, acting against the rear end of the pitman, carries thelatter with its attached sliding frame X in a forward direction to theextreme limit of the stroke, where they remain stationary. This isdesirable, because. atthe forward end the mortar is most readilyaccessible, either for re moval or inspection, and the pestle-carryingframe may at this point he most readilylifted out of the same. Theconnecting-pin may be easily reinserted,when desired, by manipulat ingthe lever or handle V. It will be seen that the removal of theconnecting-pin U does not affect the rotary motion of the mortar, whichdoes not cease until the pinions M and and O are thrown out of mesh bymeans of the clutch-leverN,orthe machineryis stopped.

From the foregoing description,taken in connection with the drawingshereto annexed, the operation and advantages of this invention will bereadily understood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains.

My invention provides, first of all, for a combined rotary andreciprocating motion of the mortar,whereby every particle of itscontents is certain to be speedily and effectually subjected to theaction of the pestles-far more so, than in cases where a pestle or evena gang of pestles have a reciprocating motion in a given track. To thisis added the fact that the entire number of pestles revolve in adirection opposite to that in which the mortar revolves, eachindividual. pestle having a vertically yielding and spring-actuatedmotion with relation to the mortar. By this arrangement and combinationof parts materials may be triturated more rapidly and thoroughly than byany mechanical means with which I am familiar.

The general construction of the machine is simple and inexpensive, andthe arrangement ofparts is such that access may be readily had to themortar, or to any part of the operating mechanism.

Of special importance is the facility with which the pestle-carryingframe may be lifted or tilted out of the mortar, and the ease with whichthe longitudinally-reciprocating motion of the latter may be stoppedwhenever required.

As a whole the machine is simple anduseful for the purpose intended.

It is obvious that a single main shaft may be utilized for driving oroperating a series or gang of my improved triturators, of which, forinstance, four may be arranged cruciform or radiating from a singlecentral vertical op erating shaft. The operating mechanism is therebysimplified, and the several machines comprising the set or gang renderedreadily accessible to the attendant.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United Statesmortar-support, and means forrevolving them in a direction opposite to the direction of therevolution of the pestles, as and for the purpose, shown and set forth.

In a triturator, the combination of a horizontal revolving shaft, aframe mounted upon the same, means for imparting to said frame alongitudinally-reciprocating motion with relation to the shaft, a shaftjournaled vertically in said frame and provided at its upper end with amortar-supporting disk and at its lower end with a pinion, a bevel-gearmeshing with the said pinion mounted upon the horizontal shaft andconnected with the sliding frame so as to reciprocate with the latter, amortar supported upon the disk of the vertical shaft, and pestlesprojecting into the mortar, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

4. In a triturator, the combination of a horizontal shaft provided witha pinion rotating therewith and free to slide thereon, a frame slidingupon the shaft, a vertical shaft journaled in the frame and having apinion at its lower end meshing with the pinion upon the horizontalshaft, a vertically-adj ustablc lever, mechanism for rocking the latter,a pitman connecting the upper end of the lever with the sliding frame, amortar secured upon the vertical shaft at its upper end, and pestlesprojecting into the mortar, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

5. In atriturator, the combination of a mortar, pestles projecting intothe mortar, a sliding frame provided with a support for the mortar,means for revolving said support, a vertical oscillatinglever,operatingmechanism for the latter, and an extensible rod or pitman connecting thesaid lever with the sliding frame, as and for the purpose shown and setforth.

6. In a triturator, the combination of the mortar, pestles projectinginto the mortar,the sliding frame carrying the mortar-supporting disk,means for revolving said disk, the oscillating operating-lever having atits up per end a pivoted arm or lever-handle, the latter carrying at itslower end a pin entering through a slot in the upper end of theoperating lever, and a rod or pitman connecting the operatinglever andthe sliding frame and bifurcated and transversely perforated at its rearend for the reception of the connecting-pin, as and for the purposeshown and set forth.

7. In a triturator, the combination of the vertical main shaft, acam-grooved disk adjustable upon the same, a pair of standards oruprights, a box vertically adjustable upon the same, a slide arranged toreciprocate in the said box and having a pin engaging the camgrooveddisk, a pair of brackets, an oscillating lever vertically adjustablebetween the same and having a slot connected with the front end of thereciprocating slide,a longitudinally-reciprocating frame having arevolving vertical shaft, a mortar secured upon the said shaft, pestlesentering said mortar, and a rod or pitman connecting the lever with thereciprocating frame, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

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8. In a triturator, the combination of a casing or frame, a horizontalrevolving shaft mounted in the same, a mortar,pestles projecting intothe said mortar, a sliding frame having a vertical shaft supporting themortar, intermediate gearing whereby itis operated by the horizontalshaft, :1 plate at the upper end of the reciprocating frame extendingthrough a slot in the top' of the outer casing, and supporting slides ortracks for the said plate secured upon the top of the frame, as and forthe purpose shown and set forth.

9. The combination, with a mortar and pestles, of a mortar-supportingdisk having radial dovetailed slots and clamping devices consisting ofdovetailed blocks having laterally-extending flanges, pivotedclampinglevers, wedge-shaped cam-plates having studs at the rear ends ofthe said blocks, and camlevers pivoted 011 the said studs with theirwedge-shaped heads and bearing against the under sides of the rear endsof the clampinglevers, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

10. The eombination,with a mortar and pestles, of a mortar-supportingdisk having radial dovetailed recesses, dovetailed blocks sliding in thesaid recesses, clamping-levers pi voted upon the upper faces of the saidblocks, and cam devices bearing between the outer ends of the blocks andof the clamping-levers, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

11. A mortar-scraping device for triturat ors, consisting of a foot orupright, a vertieerily-extensible rod, a laterally-extensible arm at theupper end of the latter having an upwardly-extending stud, a pivoted rodat the outer end of the said arm having a scrapersocket at its lowerend, a scraper, and a spring interposed between the upper end of thesaid rod and the stud extending upward from the laterally-extensiblearm, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

12. In a triturator, the combination, with the pestles and mortar and arevolving support for the said mortar, of an upright having avertically-extensible rod provided with a laterally-eXtensible arm, apivoted scrapersocket at the outer end of the latter, a scraper in thesocket, and a spring forcing the scraper and socket against the side ofthe mortar, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

13. In a triturator, the combination of a mortar and pestles and aninelosing-casing having hinged sides and a door hinged to one of thesaid sides, all being lined with sheetrubber, as and for the purposeshown and set forth.

14. In a triturator, the combination, with a mortar, a sliding framehaving a mortarsupport, means for reciprocating the frame, and means forrevolving the mortar-support, of a gang of pestles and means forrevolving each upon its own axis in a direction opposite to that inwhich the mortar revolves, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

15. In a triturator, the combination, with a mortar and means forrevolving the same, of a gangof pestles and means for revolving eachupon its own axis, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

16. In a triturator, the combination, with a mortar and means forreciprocating and revolving the same, of a gang of vertically slidingpestles having pinions at their upper ends, springs for forcing each ofthe pestles downward, a pinion centered between the pinions of thepestles and meshing with the same, and means for revolving the saidpinion in the same direction as the mortar, as and for the purpose shownand set forth.

17. In a triturator, the combination of a mortar, a hinged or tiltingpestle-carrying frame above the mortar, pestles journaled in the saidframe, the pestleoperating shaft extending rearwardly from the saidframe and having a miter-gear at its rear end, a verticaloperating-shaft provided with a corresponding miter-wheel, a fixed upperhalf-box for the rear end of the pestle-operating shaft, a

pivoted arm or lever forming a lower half-box for the same, and a latchor catch to retain the arm with the box in its raised or operativeposition, as and for the purpose shown and set forth.

18. In a triturator, the combination of a mortar, a pestle-carryingframe above the mortar, a series of pestles having spindles mounted andarranged to slide vertically in the same and provided with. collars,coiled springs within the frame upon the pestle spindles bearing againstthe collars and forcing them in a downward direction, gear-wheelssliding upon said spindles and having pins engaging vertical grooves inthe latter, and mechanism for actuating the said gears so as to rotateall of the spindles simultaneously in one direction, as and for thepurpose shown and set forth.

19. In a tritura-tor, the combination of a mortar, a pestle-carryingframe above the mortar, pestles having their spindles mounted andarranged to slide vertically in the same, springs arranged to force thepestles dowir ward, collars secured adj ustably upon the pestle spindlesbelow the casing to limit the up ward motion of the pestles, and cups atthe lower ends of the said collars for catching lubricating material, asand for the purpose shown and set forth.

In testimony whereof I my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT BABENDR-EIER.

\Vitnesses:

FRED. G. DIETERIOH, W. I. KING.

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